Determinants and Effects of Post-Migration Education Among New Immigrants in Canada

This study investigates post-migration educational investment among newly arrived immigrants and examines the effect of post-migration education on new immigrants’ labour market integration, as measured by earnings and occupational status. The results indicate that younger immigrants who are already well educated, fluent in English or French and worked in a professional or managerial occupation prior to migration are most likely to enroll in Canadian education. But, acceptance of previous work experience by Canadian employers lowers the likelihood of enrolling in further education. Financial capital was not found to affect participation in post-migration education. Those immigrants who did enroll in post-migration education enjoyed an earnings advantage and were more likely to work in a professional or managerial job. The effect of post-migration education was greater for immigrants whose previous work experience was not accepted in Canada.Immigrant Workers, Education, Wages

The recruitment and selection of pension trustees:an integrative approach

The role of a pension trustee is significant, which makes the recruitment and selection of labour trustees an important issue. In this article, we examine and combine aspects of two approaches to recruitment and selection: the political nomination model and the more professional HRM approach. We argue that an integrative approach would acknowledge the political, regulatory and organisational context while incorporating valid selection criteria such as domain-specific skills and performance on the job. Such an integrated process can help trade unions in filling labour trustee positions with talented individuals who are more likely to be effective in achieving labour's goals in pension governance

What Makes for Effective Labor Representation on Pension Boards?

This article examines the efficacy of labor representation on pension boards. Using existing literature and interviews with labor trustees, this article develops a model where a more formal approach to recruitment and selection, skill acquisition, and accountability is hypothesized to aid labor trustees in achieving effective integration and representation on pension boards. Data indicate that labor trustees are placed in a challenging environment with insufficient support from their union, other trustees, or the board. These findings have important implications for the selection, training, and integration of labor trustees and the success of a labor agenda on pension issues

Token presence or substantive participation? A study of labor trustees on pension boards

In contrast to their absence from corporate boards in North America, labor representatives do have a seat on many pension boards. Given the lack of research on the role of labor participation in these fora, this study reports findings from a survey of labor trustees. We find that labor trustees make greater contributions to procedure-oriented processes such as information sharing, rule-making and rule interpretation; and, fewer contributions to investment-oriented processes such as investment decisions, fund performance and manager selection. Gender does not seem to matter in explaining participation in board activities. Accountability in terms of a requirement to report back to their union did increase labor trustee contribution but only to procedural issues, not investment issues. Short board tenure, lack of multiple labor seats and lack of training appear to limit labor trustees’ contribution to investment-based issues. Prior exposure to pension issues, and longer tenure appear to increase contributions to procedure-based issues. Exclusionary board dynamics hinder both types of contributions by labor trustees. These findings suggest that labor trustees do take advantage of their position to make procedural contributions but they find it hard to expand into newer, non-traditional roles such as investment-related activities of the Board

A rare case of sirenomelia with total bilateral cleft lip palate and kyphoscoliosis

Sirenomelia, a rare congenital deformity, has fused lower limbs with variable combination of visceral anomalies. This condition is fatal within a day or two of birth so early antenatal detection and pregnancy termination is advocated. Antenatally it can be diagnosed by ultrasonography showing oligohydramnios, renal agenesis and fibulae positioned between the tibiae. A 24 years old Muslim primigravida came for first antenatal check up at 18 weeks of pregnancy. She didn’t turn up and came directly in emergency at 37 weeks in active labor and delivered a baby weighing 1.8 kg with a small sized placenta, complete bilateral cleft lip palate, Kyphoscoliosis and fused lower limbs upto ankles. Baby expired after 25 minutes of birth. Till now around 300 cases of Sirenomelia have been reported worldwide. All human cases of Sirenomelia have been found to be associated with variable degree of renal and urethral dysplasia or renal agenesis. External genitalia are affected, whereas gonads remain unaffected. In rare cases Sirenomelia is associated with upper body defects including cleft palate, cervical and upper thoracic vertebral abnormalities, pulmonary hypoplasia and cardiac defects

Design and Performance Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication at 2.4 GHz

This paper presents the design of a rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) intended for operation at 2.4 GHz frequency, predominantly used in wireless communication. The proposed MPA, designed on an FR4-Epoxy substrate using a microstrip line feeding approach, was simulated using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The primary metrics evaluated included return loss, gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and half-power beamwidth. The findings revealed an impressive return loss of -25dB and a moderate gain of 1.48 dB at the target frequency. The VSWR value was approximately 1, indicating efficient power transmission with minimal reflections. Furthermore, the antenna exhibited a broad half-power beamwidth of 79 degrees, suggesting its potential for applications requiring extensive signal coverage. This research provides insights into MPA design principles and serves as a foundation for future advancements in wireless communication antenna systems

Future Directions in Canadian Industrial Relations

The process of research or scientific enquiry is often serendipitous and, like art, inherently creative. The intricacies and complexities of the human mind determine its course. Exigencies such as war and social upheaval often drive its priorities. It is difficult, therefore, if not impossible, to chart out research directions the way corporations plot market strategies. Nevertheless, it is useful (even necessary, some would argue) to make some assessments of the directions in Industrial Relations (IR) research, past and present, and to speculate on its potential. It is with these ideas in mind that the Canadian Industrial Relations Association (CIRA) invited a panel of researchers and practitioners to address the issue of future directions at the meetings in Victoria in June 1990. This paper and those that follow grew out of the discussions at the panel